Effective Leadership in a Hair Salon Essay

Conceptual A viable pioneer has the ability to improve the accomplishment in an association. This paper will exhibit the attributes and practices of Tava Jackson as a viable pioneer in dealing with her hair salon. It will talk about her own capacity, political abilities, and dynamic style. The four components of transitional initiative conduct will be the primary focal point of Mrs. Jackson’s initiative execution in the working environment. Basic reasoning advances created by Browne &Keeley (2010) and speculations clarified by Colquitt, Lepine, and Wesson (2013) will bolster how Mrs. Jackson is a powerful pioneer and her effect on me in the salon. Presentation Colquitt et al. (2013) characterizes initiative as, â€Å"the utilization of intensity and impact to coordinate the exercises of supporters toward objective achievement† (p. 450). Tava Jackson maintains reasonable aptitudes in her salon, enabling her representatives to accomplish their objectives. This paper will talk about her moral authority characteristics, upheld by academic articles, and clarify how it has affected me as her representative. I will show her capacities by clarifying the accompanying: How her own capacity impacts the conduct of her representatives?; the political aptitudes in systems administration capacity and social cleverness to expand her comprehension of representatives; and her consultative style in pioneer dynamic permitting the association to fill in as a group. Admired impact, moving inspiration, scholarly incitement, and individualized contemplations are the four elements of transitional authority conduct that will accentuation her compelling initi ative aptitudes. I will examine the reasons, suppositions, legitimate understandings liberated from false notions, unquestionable proof, causes, huge data overlooked, and sensible ends. The settling will be of Mrs. Jackson personalâ reflection as a pioneer. Setting Tava Jackson, proprietor of Hairtopia Salon, as claimed her salon for more than five years. Her business continually develops due to the attributes and practices she keeps up in the work environment. More than ten years prior, she got a permit to show people the craft of hair. Inside her salon, Mrs. Jackson enlists people to work, yet furnishes them with the information to be better in the restorative business. She has taken explicit classes to upgrade hair capacities, keeping up grants in exceptional accomplishment by John Amico and propelled trim and shading by TONI &GUT TIGI. I have worked with her since sixteen years old, and she has persistently affected me through her compelling capacities, assurance to accomplish in the work environment, communication with customer and representatives, and abilities of settling on discerning choices. I might want to possess my salon later on, and she has affected me has a pioneer to follow certain procedures and strategies with the capacit ies I get to accomplish that objective. She is a powerful pioneer who rouses people through her activity execution and hard working attitude. Hypothetical Framework Yunus and Anuar (2012) express that, â€Å"transformational initiative enables others to become liberal, autonomous people equipped for practicing leadership† (p. 651). Transformational pioneers are successful pioneers in a salon, with the amassing of individual force, political abilities, and consultative style of initiative dynamic. Force can emerge out of the administration position an individual has in a salon. It can give the individual the capacity to grant or control others. Colquitt et al. (2013) makes reference to, â€Å"expert power gets from a person’s mastery, expertise, or information on which others depend† (p.421). People with power have an ability or aptitudes that others don’t have, pulling in other people who need to hold that expertise. Salon supervisors hold high positions dependent on their phenomenal presentation, critical thinking abilities, and comprehension of the errands expected to achieve the employments strategic. Political abilities is the fitness to proficiently understanding others at work, and utilizing that understanding to impact others in manners that expansion individual and additionally hierarchical targets (Colquitt et al., 2013, p.427). Systems administration capacity and social keenness areâ two parts in political abilities. Greenery and Barbuto (2010) disclose arrange capacity to be the most grounded show of an effective pioneer (p.156). System capacity shows the amazing valuation of occupation execution. An individual aptitude that allows a person to comprehend and react successfully to the work condition is social adroitness. Greenery and Barbuto (2010) talked about social shrewdness as â€Å"the capacity to get people, kid and young ladies to act astutely in human relations† (p. 159). At the point when a pioneer talked about an issue with representatives, taking in sentiments and proposals before concluding a choice in the work place is consultative dynamic (Colquitt et al., 2013, p.427). A salon supervisor basically needs to settle on moral choices as a pioneer. Their choices can have a specific persuasive result, since it includes various business arrangements and connections with such huge numbers of individuals (Woiceshyn, 2011, p.311). Transformational initiative is characterized as â€Å"the capacity of the pioneers who impact changes in dreams, systems, and societies of an organization† (Sookaneknun and Ussahawanitchakit, 2012, p. 79). Glorified impact, moving inspiration, scholarly incitement, and individualized contemplations are the four components of transitional authority conduct. Romanticized impact is the point at which a pioneer can convey their plans to their representatives and be a powerful good example for the worker. Moving and propelling representatives to envision what they will get from achieving the business objectives is moving inspiration. Scholarly incitement is the ability a pioneer gets to build up the representatives capacities. De monstrating care and significance to the representative permits them to feel esteemed in the business is singular thought. Transitional administration is viewed as an extra persuasive technique to authority than other administration strategies (Colquitt et al., 2013, p.462). System: â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€- > Application and Analysis What makes Tava Jackson a powerful pioneer in her hair salon? How has her authority affected me by and by in the salon? Colquitt et al. (2013)â explained initiative adequacy as, â€Å"the degree to which the leader’s activities bring about the accomplishment of the units objectives, the proceeded with duty of the unit’s workers, and the advancement of shared trust, regard, and commitment in leaderâ€member dyads† (p. 452). The primary ideas that are characterized are that pioneers use force and impact. Her matchless characteristics that make her a compelling pioneer are the force and impact she keeps up in the work environment. Mrs. Jackson’s individual force impacts the conduct of her workers by guaranteeing that they are talented in the field and refreshed with new procedures of the period. Her honors got from her work execution by John Amico and enormous customer base impacts her representatives to need a similar information and ability aptitudes to expand their demographic. Mrs. Jackson sets aside some effort to comprehend what every worker is skilled at, affecting them to extend that ability by systems administration. Greenery and Barbuto (2010) expressed how systems administration can bring advancement and expanded pay affecting authority execution (p. 160). The capacity she have to socially insightful her representatives shows her ability to comprehend her every person. Each representative in the salon is influence from choices made by Mrs. Jackson. She thinks about the suppositions her representatives have, so when choices should be made she tunes in to their proposals. Her consultative style in pioneer dynamic articulations her moral comprehension to cause representatives to feel heard in the working environment. Mrs. Jackson compassion toward her representatives my motivation them to trust and regard her more. â€Å"Transformational authority is a kind of pioneer that can advance hierarchical development capability† depicted by Sookaneknun and Ussahawanitchakit (2012, p. 79). Mrs. Jackson is an admired impact when she designs gatherings to illuminate staff on approaches to build benefi t with her different thoughts. She spreads out a dream that moves other to be a piece of the task. At the point when she goes to various classes, to remain refreshed in the restorative field, it is persuasive and moves others to follow her strategies. Mrs. Jackson mentally animates her representatives by taking them to hair shows like, Bonner Brother, Nirobi, and Dudley, to let them see aptitudes outside of the working environment that will motivate them to attempt new methods. This brings out ability that people might not have realized they acquired. Abilities are created from Mrs. Jackson’s exertion to receptive outlooks to creative things. She thinks about her representatives by exclusively thinking about their needs to progress and improve inâ the field, by close to home preparing when they believe they need all the more understanding. Ends and Reflections Tava Jackson is a transitional pioneer that has affected me by and by I have experienced around four salons. I began at Hairtopia Salon, however while in school I needed to move. I have seen poor authority in chiefs, not being accommodating or ready to give proficient information to improve their representatives in the work environment. She by and by affected me through her compelling capacities. I don't know how she proceeds the have these abilities, and what she experienced to pick up the aptitudes she acquires. Mrs. Jackson gains various capacities from research found, clarifying her development and the development of her representatives. In the moral dynamic appraisal I scored a 41/50 indicating I have great abilities in moral dynamic. This exploration shows that there are different characteristics that can be get to

The Universe What Lies Beyond Our Planet. The Universe That We Live

The Universe ? what lies past our planet. The universe that we live in is so different and extraordinary, and it premiums us to find out pretty much all the change that lies outside our ability to understand. Inside this wonder of miracles our universe holds a secret that is hard to comprehend in light of the complexities that emerge when attempting to look at and investigate the standards of room. That riddle happens to be that of the ever stealthy, dark opening. ? of the ideas, properties, and procedures associated with the space wonder of the dark gap. It will portray how a dark gap is commonly shaped, how it capacities, and the impacts it has on the universe. ? investigate the reason for the reason for a dark opening. Every single dark opening are shaped from the gravitational breakdown of a star, for the most part having an incredible, monstrous, center. A star is made when tremendous, huge, gas mists tie together because of appealing powers and structure a hot center, joined fr om all the vitality of the two gas mists. This vitality created is so incredible when it initially impacts, that an atomic response happens and the gases inside the star begin to consume constantly. The Hydrogen gas is generally the principal kind of gas devoured in a star and afterward different gas components, for example, Carbon, Oxygen, and Helium are expended. ? a long time contingent on the measure of gases there are. ? ? balance accomplished without anyone else. The gravitational draw from the center of the star is equivalent to the gravitational draw of the gases framing a sort of circle, anyway when this fairness is broken the star can go into a few unique stages. ? devoured while some of it get away. This happens on the grounds that there is certifiably not a gigantic gravitational draw upon those gases and hence the star debilitates and decreases. It is then alluded to as a White Dwarf. In the event that the star was to have a bigger mass in any case, at that point it mig ht potentially Supernova, implying that the atomic combination inside the star essentially runs wild making the star detonate. Subsequent to detonating a small amount of the star is generally left (in the event that it has not transformed into unadulterated gas) and that portion of the star is known as a neutron star. ? the center of the star is so gigantic (around 6?8 sun oriented masses; one sunlight based mass being equivalent to the sun's mass) at that point all things considered, when the star's gases are nearly devoured those gases will crumple internal, constrained into the center by the gravitational power laid upon them. ? to pull in space flotsam and jetsam and other kind of issues to help add to the mass of the center, making the opening more grounded and all the more impressive. ? ? the Event Horizon) that is conformed to the dark gap. The issue keeps inside the Event Horizon until it has spun into the middle where it is focused inside the center adding to the mass. Such turning dark openings are known as Kerr Black Holes. ? were a star, and this may mess some up for the neighboring stars. In the event that a dark gap gets amazing enough it might really maneuver a star into it and upset the circle of numerous different stars. The dark gap could then become considerably more grounded (from the star's mass) as to perhaps retain another. ? Ergosphere, which clears all the issue into the Event Horizon, named for it's level flat appearance and on the grounds that this happens to be where for the most part all the activity inside the dark opening happens. At the point when the star is passed on into the Event Horizon the light that the star suffers is bowed inside the current and along these lines can't be found in space. At this accurate point in time, high measures of radiation are emitted, that with the correct gear can be recognized and seen as a picture of a dark opening. Through this strategy space experts presently accept that they have discovered a dark gap known as Cygnus X1. This alleged dark opening has an immense star circling around it, subsequently we expect there must be a dark gap that it is in circle with. ? furthermore, the crumbling

The Future of Your Job Search Findings of Career Jam 2018

The Future of Your Job Search Findings of Career Jam 2018 What is Career Jam? Every year, I look forward to the Career Industry Trends released by the Career Thought Leaders Consortium. This week, the long-anticipated Findings of 2018 Career Jam: Where Experts Forecast the New the Next, was released! This report summarizes the findings of brainstorming sessions held on November 30, 2018 in the United States, Canada, Spain, Austria, and the United Kingdom. 2018 Career Jam participants brainstormed “best practices, innovations, trends, new programs, new processes, and other observations that are currently impacting or projected to impact, global employment, job search, and career management.” The sections that historically have most interested me in the report are “Career Marketing Messages Documents” and “Social Media Profiles…” which include resumes, cover letters, and LinkedIn profiles, as well as other career marketing communications. This year, the report is significantly shorter and more compact. The sections that most relate to resumes and LinkedIn profiles are “Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning Other Technology,” “Social Branding Sourcing,” and “Storytelling.” Here’s what the brainstormers have to say in these realms: Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning Other Technology Job seekers are becoming more aware of the role of technology in the hiring process. Everyone knows about ATS (Applicant Tracking Software) systems now, and they want keyword-optimized resumes. It’s likely that more platforms will emerge for job seekers to test keywords in resumes. One size resume does not fit all! Resumes must be adjusted for each application to improve keyword density and alignment to the specific target position. Issues of privacy and bias have arisen with the use of AI. These are starting to be addressed. Social Branding Sourcing Young professionals are ditching the resume! I don’t completely believe this, but certainly younger job seekers are making inroads toward applying to jobs solely through social media. In most cases, however, resumes are still requested. LinkedIn is King. Creating a strong presence on LinkedIn will increase your visibility and give you a leg up on the competition. The power of the platform simply can’t be ignored â€" even by older job seekers, who are increasingly embracing LinkedIn. I’m happy to report that the 14th  edition of How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile is through the final editing stage and contains more robust information than ever on maximizing the power of LinkedIn! Watch out for announcements coming soon! LinkedIn keeps changing. What a headache! Thankfully, my new book addresses all the changes. LinkedIn is a prime place to nurture connections and network with alumni. Students especially are finding value in using alumni networks on LinkedIn. Not sure how to connect with alumni on LinkedIn? See my article, LinkedIn inMail Templates: Contacting Graduates of Your Alma Mater and check out the updated information in the 14th edition of KILLER! Facebook and Instagram are used by recruiters, but this is not resonating with job seekers in the US. Posts and interactions on social media are more important than ever. Computerized programs are scoring personality traits based on your activity on social media. So stay engaged in productive ways with relevant online content â€" especially on LinkedIn, where your search ranking is affected by your engagement [I added that last part]. Instagram is a good place to create a portfolio. Twitter is a good place to connect with influencers like journalists. Storytelling Online portfolios and personal websites are making a comeback. How interesting! Just yesterday, my self-publishing advisor was telling me he is creating a platform for job-seekers to post their resume to a personal website. Perhaps he’s caught a trend! Certainly, a website and online portfolio provide flexibility that a site like LinkedIn probably never will. By the same token, hard-copy portfolios will make you stand out and provide great interview material. Give the employer certificates, recommendations/testimonials, your most up-to-date resume, success stories, case studies, photos of projects, and other items that demonstrate your value, qualifications, and achievements. It’s more important than ever to communicate your story succinctly in your written documents. Attention spans aren’t getting any longer! So grab attention fast with a clear message. And remember, you need to engage humans while also keeping keywords in mind for the ATS systems. On the other hand, there’s a move away from the “elevator pitch.” People want to hear stories and to build relationships. Effective in-person networking is about more than a quick pitch. Be ready with stories for your interviews. Have an “arsenal” ready so you can pull the right one out of your hat. If you’ve done the right prep for your resume, these stories should be at your fingertips! “Grit” is prized. Grit and resilience are being valued more and more, so demonstrate yours! In Silicon Valley? Use slides. 10-slide “walking decks” are being used in place of resumes to provide a creative, holistic view of the candidate. Graphic design skills are required. Executive bios are subbing in for resumes for executives who are conducting a job search while employed. If you need a top-notch executive bio, please visit my Executive Bio Services page. To find out more trends, such as how age is being treated in the job market, the state of the gig economy, and how college degrees are being valued (or not), see the full white paper. To stay on top of the latest in job search documents and strategies, keep following The Executive Expert and The Essay Expert. What job search and employment trends do you want to know about? Please let us know and we’ll do our best to deliver! A version of this article also appears in Executive Secretary Magazine, a global training publication and must read for any administrative professional. You can get a 30% discount when you subscribe through us. Visit the website at executivesecretary.com to find out more or to get your 30% discount, email subscriptions@executivesecretary.com and tell them we sent you.

Performing Personal Hygiene Rituals Without Gravity

There are many things we take for granted here on Earth that take on a whole new aspect in orbit. On Earth, we expect our food to stay on our plates. Water stays in containers. And, we always have an ample supply of air to breathe. In space, all those activities are a lot more difficult and require careful planning. Thats because of the microgravity environments that astronauts live in on orbit. Astronaut Ed Lu uses chopsticks to hold his food and a drink packet to keep fluids from escaping before he drinks them.   NASA The Complexity of Life in Space All human missions have to deal not only with feeding and housing astronauts, but taking care of their other bodily needs. In particular, for long-duration missions, the management of ordinary daily habits becomes even more important since these activities require sanitary conditions to operate in the weightlessness of space. Space agency folks around the world spend a lot of time designing such systems. Taking a Shower There used to be no way to take a shower on an orbital craft, so astronauts had to make do with sponge baths until they returned home. They washed with wet washcloths and utilized  soaps that do not require rinsing. Keeping clean in space is as important as it is at home, and even doubly so since astronauts at times spend long hours in space suits wearing diapers so they can stay outside and get their work done.   Astronaut Karen Nygard shows how an astronaut can do a shampoo in space. NASA Things have changed and nowadays, there are shower units on the International Space Station. Astronauts jump into a round, curtained chamber to shower. When theyre done, the machine suctions up all the water droplets from their shower.  To provide a little privacy, they extend the curtain of the WCS (Waste Collection System), the toilet or bathroom. These same systems may well be used on the Moon or an asteroid or Mars when humans get around to visiting those places in the near future.   Brushing Teeth Its not only possible to brush your teeth in space, but its also essential since the nearest dentist is a few hundred miles away if somebody gets a cavity. But, tooth brushing presented a unique problem for astronauts during early space travel. Its a messy operation—they cant really just spit in space and expect the environment to stay tidy. So, a dental consultant with NASAs Johnson Space Center in Houston developed a toothpaste, now marketed commercially as NASADent, that can be swallowed. Foamless and ingestible, it has been a major breakthrough for the elderly, hospital patients, and others who have trouble brushing their teeth.   Astronauts who can not bring themselves to swallow the toothpaste, or who have brought their own favorite brands, sometimes spit into a washcloth. Using the Toilet One of the most-asked questions that NASA receives is about bathroom rituals. Every astronaut gets asked the question, How do you go to the bathroom in space? The answer is, very carefully. Since there is no gravity to either hold a toilet bowl full of water in place or pull human wastes down, designing a toilet for zero-gravity was no easy task. NASA had to use air flow to direct urine and feces.   The toilets on the International Space Station  are designed to look and feel as similar to those on Earth as possible. However, there are some important differences. Astronauts must use straps to hold their feet against the floor and pivoting bars swing across the thighs, ensuring the user remains seated. Since the system operates on a vacuum, a tight seal is essential. Beside the main toilet bowl, there is a hose, which is utilized as a urinal by men and women. It can be used in a standing position or can be attached to the commode by a pivoting mounting bracket for use in a sitting position. A separate receptacle allows for disposal of wipes. All units use flowing air instead of water to move waste through the system. The human waste is separated and solid wastes are compressed, exposed to vacuum, and stored for later removal. Wastewater is vented to space, although future systems may recycle it. The air is filtered to remove odor and bacteria and then returned to the station. This is the toilet device used onboard the Russian Soyuz craft.   Maksym Kozlenko, CC BY-SA-4.0 Future waste-removal systems on long-term missions may involve recycling for onboard hydroponics and gardens systems or other recycling requirements. Space bathrooms have come a long way from the early days when astronauts had pretty crude methods to handle the situation. Fast Facts Personal hygiene tasks in space are a lot more complex than here on Earth. The low-gravity environment requires more care.Shower systems have been installed on space stations, but they require very careful attention to make sure water does not stray into the crew compartments and electronics.Toilet facilities use suction and other devices to direct materials for safe storage and away from the walls and electronics. Edited and updated by  Carolyn Collins Petersen.

Ancient Mars Rocks Show Evidence of Water

Adult And Child Motivation Free Essays

string(118) " must be able to tell when the students amotivated and through the personal research to identify the causes for such\." Earlier understanding on human motivation was based on early psychological milestones: Freudian Theory of Id, Behaviorist Theory of Watson, Humanistic Theory of Maslow. For example, according to Freud, the basic biological urges, that he called â€Å"id† were instinctive by nature and drove human behavior according to uncontrollable urges, i.e, â€Å"negative† urges that humans needed to learn how to control. We will write a custom essay sample on Adult And Child Motivation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Freud speculated further that human â€Å"ego† was there to â€Å"subdue† (i.e. control) those â€Å"negative† urges thus rendering the owner more socially adaptable (Pelham, 1997). Under the same umbrella, there are instinct theories of human motivation, so progressively mentioned in the work of Stacey, DeMartino, Stacey, and DeMartino (1958). In it, these particular authors take the readers back to what was known Evolutionary Theory (a.k.a. Pawlov’s Theory of Evolution), and yet, so masterfully suggest that human motivation can be viewed through these lenses.   In the same arena the readers can place what contemporary psychologists understand under Need Theory of Human Motivation. Referring back to Maslow, they might recall that he developed that particular milestone under guidance of human needs. In particular, he saw the hierarchy of human needs in the form of the pyramid in which the bottom portion occupied the most primary ones. According to Pelham, (1997), Watson and his followers maintained that humans are born with a â€Å"blank state† which, as the human child grows, his mind is filled with the content influenced by the environmental factors. To extrapolate, their perspective suggested that external stimuli are responsible for the human motivation. It is curious to inquire further, would the human produce motivational impulses if completely isolated for an extended period of time? If the human motivation is viewed only from behaviorist perspective, the answer to this question can become logical as follows. If deprived from any external stimuli from his/her birth, the human will be completely and absolutely amotivated in every aspect of his or her life. Such supposition was evidenced as wrong through and with research on stimuli deprived children (Pelham, 1997). Pelham (1997) also argued that humanistic psychologists discussed human motivation from the self-actualization point of view. He made a case that every one of us has the internal need to learn to naturally develop self be it conditioned or vicarious learning situations. Maslow and Rogers gave a thrust to a completely new group of psychologists who began considering a combination of cognitive, social-cognitive, and social-behaviorists angles on the human motivation. The names of the motivational theories, as descriptive as they are, imply on important differentiation. Each framework refers to the specific perspective, as in human consciousness being the great part of the motivational impulse, or human consciousness being influenced by a social structure, or even social structure having a full impact on the human motivation thus his or her behavior. From this perspective, one would find a great point of interest to consider that humanistic and Gestalt theories tend to view the human being as the whole with implied emphasis on the positive state of mind (i.e. mental health versus mental illness) whereas behaviorist and Freudian theories view human behavior from the point of view on the negative state of mind (i.e. mental illness versus mental health). Obviously, to view human motivation through either lenses would shift the educator’s approach.   According to Stacey et al. (1958), especially, there is an interest in note of the fact that Gestalt psychologists argued in favor of free will as the necessary ingredient of human motivation. Cognitivists defended the position of the necessity of good memory and importance of perception in order for the learner to develop a strong motivational impulse. Theirs gave birth to the Learning Theory of Human Motivation. With the more insight, cognitivists and humanists alike started considering integration of different theoretical perspectives. For example, Pelham, (1997) wrote in one of his articles that an individual as the wholesome being can be better understood from the point of view of social, cognitive, conative, affective, and biological perspective. The attention here is placed more on emphasis of how mind configure and organize the external and internal experiences. Learning theory suggests that learning is a need and thus must be met. Usually it is most prevalent through and with vicarious mode. A young child is in the constant learning when observing and trying to copy others. Thus, there is a constant motivation of the said child to be with others, to copy from others, to learn from others. Naturally, the name of the Learning Theory implies that such is either practiced or observed in the classroom situation. In the above-mentioned work it was upheld that this particular theory is viewed from the perspective of three components, as in a) cognitive function, b) stimulus-response relationship, and c) human interaction. Certainly, it would be naà ¯ve to attribute such a complex human activity as learning to one and only domain, as in vicarious learning. It is integration and combination of different modes, that is different ways to absorb, relate, and react to the external stimuli. The cognitive theory provides a window into a conjecture that the human has a need to develop cognitively. Thus, these theories might explain why people have such a strong motivation to read, to discuss what they read, to apply what they read. The intrinsic motivation to learn in children differs from that in adult learners. It is propelled by curiosity, fantasy, and flight of imagination. The skilled teachers long noticed that they get the best results in teaching young students when they integrate the element of story telling into their instructional input. The young students most often respond with increased interest, desire, and motivation (Pajares, 2001). Adult learners are driven by pragmatism. Their presence in the classrooms are more defined of the present or future need of the information they are receiving. Alderman (1999) looked at motivation as the educator’s tool to develop the learners’ potentials. Obviously, such motivation (any degree of it) must be recognized first and then manipulated to higher levels. The knowledgeable and intuitive educator must be able to tell when the students amotivated and through the personal research to identify the causes for such. You read "Adult And Child Motivation" in category "Papers" The causes of motivation can vary but specific identification of them can mean the whole difference for the students. Alderman   divided various causes of amotivation into the specific frameworks. For example, Effort and Ability Framework groups the causes that are personal by nature. Students with such causes created a construct of self, being unable to achieve and unable to break the certain level of standard. As the result, their self-efficacy is low and their self-perception is that of a person who cannot achieve. When students are in the classroom situation, they cannot avoid comparing themselves (their personal achievement) to that of others. If the classroom climate was set for competition there are always going to be students who create low effort, low ability self-construct. Understanding this, the effective instructor must change the class climate transforming it into the mutual supportive, no inter-student-competing, and focus-on-personal achievements milieu. Those students who already have a low efficacy construct must be dealt with individually. The instructor’s duty in this case is to pay more attention on the student’s inner construct giving him/her tasks broken down into smaller increments. Such increments become easier to master and when mastered, the personal sense of achievement becomes the only mechanism to change the low-efficacy construct into the high-efficacy construct. The student will feel that his ability improved, and his/her approach to the whole of educational experience will start transforming. With that, the motivation will jump to the new higher levels that, in turn, will manifest with more participation in class. Alderman (1999) separated lack of effort into another content for the framework, but if to look analytically for the causes of the lack of effort one might discover the cause behind it – low motivational drive. When the student experiences high-efficacy construct, the higher motivational drive will transform lack of effort into the strong effort for he or she will start feeling able to achieve. It is worthy to notice the comparison between American and Chinese (or Japanese) students (Alderman, 1999). While American students operate from the inner sense of personal ability, their Asian counterparts view the personal success from the perspective of applying more effort. In the former case, the students are difficult to motivate if they have a low-ability construct of themselves. The Asian students know that all they have to do to achieve higher results is to apply more effort. Such difference in perception of self as a student can be as well cultural. The higher-effort perspective is practiced in Japanese/Chinese families from within of their micro-culture with children growing up believing that all they need is more effort. Another obstacle that is mentioned by this researcher is the student disengagement. Certainly and logically, such should be noted more often among the high school students than their post-secondary counterparts. The pragmatism on the post-secondary education levels should act as an effective deterrent to students’ disengagement from their studies. However, this is not always the case. Sometimes, even higher-level university students loose their pragmatic goals and become trapped by non-educative elements of campus life. In such a case, it is the job of their instructors to identify the outside interests and redirect their attention to the initial goal of them being in a class. Covington (2000) focused his readers’ attention on the motivating properties of set academic and pragmatic goals. He pointed out that motivation is rather a criterion for academic success and thus has to be in the center of any education establishment. From this perspective, this researcher viewed the dynamics behind identifying and working with the students’ motivation as three causal effects: 1) students’ personal perception as far as their own attitudes toward their own social and academic goals, 2) how strong these goals motivate them toward their academic success, 3) what is available (set up by the instructor) as the reward structure to influence the students’ personal achievement. These three criteria can be viewed as the circle-oriented continuum in which the reward structure promotes students’ personal perception on his or her academic success. Examining carefully this continuum, the instructor can notice what specific types of the external reward system are more influential in its affect of the personal student perception. Basically, it can be rephrased into what elements of the reward system affect the student’s perception of self-worth. It is logical than to assume that students of all ages will benefit from the correct set up and implementation of the reward system: one just have to know how to individualize its elements to achieve highest possible affect with each student in his or her classroom.   For example, certain students’ self-worth will scientifically improve if the instructor will design successful experiences. Smaller increments of comprehensive input without significant gaps in between the complexity steps with frequent opportunity to practice and self-correct of the practical applications of the subject matter will do wonders to the personal self-worth. Insensitive instructors, however, undermine the students’ development of self-worth when try rushing with the content and do not give the students an opportunity to clarify their confusion. Nuckles (2000) called such teaching as student-centered approach. From its name, this approach is centered on the students, driven by the students, and modified by the students. His pro-humanistic values make it obvious his views on who is responsible for the students’ motivation bringing into the central focus the skills and aptitude of the instructor. The implication here directs the attention on the instructor’s ability to a) identify the students’ motivation level, b) if low with individual students, identify the causes (discussed earlier in this paper) which practically means to view and approach each student as an individual, c) devise a plan of intervention to raise each student’s motivational drive by eliminating the obstacles (the causes) one-by-one, d) evaluate the class climate and decide whether there are counterproductive elements, e) transform the class climate into more of each-student-driven success mode by celebrating and talking about each student’s achievement, f) the latter can be practiced in cognizant fashion by purposely comparing the yesterday’s achievement with the today’s achievement of the same student thus diverting the students’ attention from inter-student competition, g) and finally (but not the least), set up time to personally meet and have an individual discourse with each and every student of the class. The above elements and actions of the student-driven classroom render their instructor to become skilled and knowledgeable in cognitive and inter-personal psychology. It cannot be otherwise; the times passed when an instructor was perceived as a mere medium to transfer knowledge on to his or her students. One might argue that there seem to be no need for such intense and time-consuming practice in the societies of China, Japan, and other alike. This discourse is not contradictive or suggestive to other than Western cultures. It is of the opinion of this writer that such approach will serve as the â€Å"corrective† measure to produce results similar in the Asian education establishments. There, the teachers do not have to find the ways to manipulate with the students’ motivation drives – the students have been brought up skilled in that themselves. If they feel the fall of their motivational impulse or social diversion taking their attention away from their purpose, they self compensate by deliberately increasing amount of effort. Their American (and Western?) counterparts cannot do that due to the fact that their internal perception is tied up with the self-evaluation of their own ability level.   In other words, they come into the education milieu with already preset self-concept or psychological construct of their own self judged by their own ability. They are far away from mere â€Å"turning on† the engine of their effort to produce more man-hours at the specific task. They simply believe that their ability level is set to the certain level and nothing will change it. Returning to Alderman (1999), such believe simply manifests itself as the set construct of their own ability: â€Å"Why to try (produce more effort) if this is what I am capable of?† Such attitude is self-defeatist and thus needs the external mechanism in order for it to be manipulated with. Such an external mechanism is the instructor who performs with the double duty of a psychologist. That leads to the more careful review of type of instructors Western teacher preparation programs produce. The number and quality of psychology content in their course work is simply inadequate. No wonder, why only experienced and seasoned professionals come up with the logical outcome (that is they continually searching for self-improvement) that such an external mechanism is the way they set up the class climate and retrain their students to look at themselves from a different perspective. Such external mechanism becomes a motivation faucet in the hands of the skilled instructor. The practical application of such approach can lead to a variety of strategies. One thing to remember, however, that the instructor always must act as the facilitator, not necessarily as the source of knowledge. Only when the students will discover the knowledge through their own effort because they felt motivated to do so, that knowledge becomes relevant to their purposes and important/practical in their lives. The variety of strategies can be as simple as small group instructional regime (Brewer, Klein, and Mann, 2003) or paired work – it does not have a particular significance or preference. What is important is the perspective of the instructional design that is that external mechanism needed to manipulate the students’ motivational drive. How to cite Adult And Child Motivation, Papers

Business Management & Strategic Management-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Business Management and Strategic Management. Answer: Introduction For bringing advancements and enhancements in the organization the business entity is required to Identify and decide the strategies and plans. This process of identification and management of the strategies and plan has been considered as an empirical task and is known as business management and strategic management. This process of management is required to be implemented with the organizational structure and culture so as to bring some positive changes and these changes will be proven beneficial for the business corporation in terms of growth and results. The managerial staff and top level within the organization are the authorities who are held liable for the adoption and execution of these strategies (Adewuyi and Oyejide, 2012). Bringing a hike and boost to the performance level and productivity has been considered as the main objective behind the adoption and implementation of these tactics and strategies. Scheduling, managing, monitoring, analyzing the operations within the or ganizational structure are the additional operations and functionalities which are executed within these management practices. The below-described concept has been considered as an integral approach for the entity and is also relevant and liable in effectively attaining the desired goals and objectives of the organization. A position over the rivals will be attained and the business corporation will be able to sustain easily in this competitive environment. The concept can also be termed as the set of activities or the decisions which are required to be essentially and effectively taken by the managers for deciding the outcomes of the performance and productivity of the business corporation (Aigboduwa and Oisamoje, 2013). The below-executed analysis has been concentrated on The Ritz Carlton which is a high standard or premium brand name in the sector of the hospitality industry. The below-executed report has been made focused on the analyzing the business situations and also proposi ng the new strategic choices and the business implications of the new strategy. External competitive environment for identifying opportunities and threats Competitor analysis comprises of the competitors who can be considered as the barriers or the obstacles on the track of growth and success of the business entity (Anomohanran, 2012). The below-executed analysis has been made focused on the external competitive environment of The Ritz Carlton. The competitive environment comprises of some the main competitors of the entity which are discussed as follows: Opportunities Growing business markets: The upcoming developments of the businesses and business travel dictate an opportunity for the business corporation because the independent business travelers are considered as the major driving factors of the hospitality industry. Their spending tendency is more as compared to an average traveler (Ritzcarlton 2017). Generally, while spending money if the consumers are spending others money on themselves they do not economize but will try to gain the highest value of it. Innovations as compared to the competitors: The business entity should attempt to innovate some services or products for grabbing the attention of the travelers. For instance, offering libraries etc. As mentioned in the presented case the entity has focused on the design of the hotels in the regions of China .i.e. Beijing, the brand can develop some innovations in the design which will be proven beneficial for the entity (Anthony, 2012). As presented in the case, The Ritz- Carlton Beijing brings a new level of elegance and design aesthetic to Chinas capital city, this point can be considered as an advantage for developing relations and bonds with the public in China on cultural and religious aspects and which will be considered as a big opportunity for the firm. This will aid the business corporation in stepping ahead in the intense competitive environment. Moreover, offering discount schemes and packages can also be considered as one of the strategies which can be adopted by The Rit z Carlton for sustaining in the competitive environment. Business expansion: The business corporation should focus on the business expansion and this will be considered as an opportunity which will be relevant for sustaining in the external competitive environment (Aron, 2013). For instance, the entity can try to enter some new regions and establish the markets. This will aid the organization by an increase in the market share, goodwill and brand equity etc. All these factors considered as a whole will be assisting the entity in developing a strong position in the competitive environment. Threats The biggest threat which is very much significant and is liable in affecting the productivity of the organization is the development of the competitive environment which has been faced by The Ritz Carlton in Beijing China. Grand Hyatt and Hilton Beijing are the two brand names which are the leading names in the hospitality sector and are the top competitors of The Ritz Carlton (Ciarreta and Nasirov, 2012). Fear to the travelers has become a prominent theme across the hospitality sector and the reason is the terrorist activities and the natural calamities in the region of Beijing China (Qz 2017). For instance, the creation of a terrorist threat by repressing the secessionist fervor in its western frontier has been considered as one of the biggest and upcoming threats for the travelers and which will bring a decline in the rate of the tourism in the region of Beijing. This will be considered as one of the biggest threat for The Ritz Carlton. Internal operating environment for analyzing strengths and weaknesses Strengths The business organization is a luxury brand name and offers the highest standard and lavish facilities to the travelers and tourists in Beijing and other regions of the world (Ghandi and Lin, 2014). The quality of the service has been considered as one of the biggest strengths for the business entity. The Ritz Carlton has focused on the design and structure of the hotels in Beijing which attains the entity with the attraction of a huge volume of consumers (Hiatt, Grandy and Lee, 2015). The brand offers a number of services such as a distinction of housing special feature is offered by the entity which comprises of the mezzanine floor offers guests a wedding chapel, private family salons for grooming before the ceremony and a spacious function area for hosting large private banquets etc. This can also be counted in the list of the strengths of the brand. Moreover, the grand ballroom, wood-paneled boardrooms and meeting rooms for the professional tourists are made technologically appropriate and updated (Hu and Xu, 2013). This presents the technological advancements of the brand and is the one of the strength for The Ritz Carlton. Weaknesses In general sense, it can be considered that The Ritz Carlton is a premium brand name which offers set of premium and lavish services. These services are very expensive and are un-affordable by middle-class tourists (Keil, 2014). And due to this reason, the entity lacks a major portion of consumers. Moreover, on the basis of the research conducted by the Trip Advisor, it has been analyzed that the staff is proven inefficient and in-capable in meeting the standards of the organization. The staff lacks training and is inefficient in serving the tourists (Killing, 2012). Due to this, there has been a decline in the goodwill and market share of the organization. Moreover, the Trip Advisor has also mentioned in the blogs that the consumers and face a lot of trouble during the time of renovations. The tourists who are currently present in the hotel during the time of renovation are not treated well and which is tarnishing the brand name. Consistency of strategies with mission and goals of The Ritz Carlton The below presented is the justification of the consistency of the strategies with the mission and goals of The Ritz Carlton: One of the adopted marketing strategies of the business firm is that understanding the value of the each and every employee. This means the organization considers the workforce an integral part of the organizational structure and hence it has been mentioned in the mission statement. The mission statement focuses on the employees and attempts to develop and offer a working environment where a value is given to a diverse range of staff, enhancement is brought to the quality and standard of living and also the individual ambitions are fulfilled (Mitchell, Marcel and Mitchell, 2012). The next strategy is the fulfillment of the unexpressed requirements of the consumers. As it has been clearly mentioned in the mission statement The Ritz Carlton experience invigorates the senses, instills, well-being and attempts to fulfill the wishes which are un-expressed by the tourists. Business model of The Ritz Carlton Figure 1 Business Model of the Ritz Carlton (Source- Business model canvas of the Ritz Carlton, 2017) The above pasted is the business model canvas of The Ritz Carlton which comprises of the below-mentioned components: Key partners This component has been considered as one of an integral part of the business model. The entity should make identification of the key partners as they play a crucial role in aiding and assisting the organization in business operations and functionalities (Ovadia, 2012). In case of The Ritz Carlton, the key partners are the 3rd party payment providers, the hotel owners and also the other hotel organizations etc. Key activities The key activities comprise of all the operations and the functionalities which are executed within the organizational structure of the entity. For instance, some of the core operational ties are the platform management, promotions and maintaining personal relations. Key resources The resources are the assets which are available with the organization and are utilized in the generation of revenues (Pinkse and Van den Buuse, 2012). This comprises the human resource .i.e. the staff, the premises of the hotel, financial resources, the technology used by the organization etc. Value proposition This factor comprises of bringing an enhancement in the visibility of the hotel, expanding increase in the customer base, development in the accommodation options, offering accessibility and an ease in booking facilities etc. Customer relationship This factor is also one of the key element which should be considered at priority as customers are the king of the market and a strong relation will be proven beneficial for the entity. Offering personal assistance, serving additional discounts and services to the tourists etc can be considered under this component. Channels The channels are referred to the mediums which are utilized by The Ritz Carlton for distribution and promotion of services. This can include the official websites, the advertising websites for which the entity is paying, the sales teams etc. These are the platforms or the channels which are being utilized by the business entity for making promotion and distribution of the products and the services. Customer segments The customer segment comprises of the business class professional who conducts meetings, the travelers, and the tourists. These are the main segments which aid the entity in generating the expected revenues for the firm. Cost structure The cost structure comprises of all the expenses which are incurred by the entity during all the operations and functionalities. This includes the advertising and marketing costs, salaries to the staff, logistics, legal, company registration, platform maintenance etc. Revenue streams This factor comprises of the elements which assist in the revenue generation process. For instance, the commission received from the accommodation booking, from the cab service owners etc. Employment of strategic management theories Implementation of the strategic management theories comprises of the translation of the chosen selected strategies into organizational practices for attaining strategic goals and targets. The employment of the strategic management theories has been termed as the concept of developing, utilizing, and amalgamating organizational structure which will lead to the attainment of the competitive advantage and a better productivity. The below presented is the review of the steps through which the strategic management theories are employed in The Ritz Carlton: An appropriate disbursement of the abundant resources is required to be done for operating the strategy and the associated activities. Moreover, there should be a development of some strategy supporting policies which will assist in the strategic management process. Further selection and employment of the best policies and programs should be done, which will bring constant improvements. And at last the reward system should be linked so as to accomplish the outcomes. Reflection of the role played I have been appointed as the internal consultant in The Ritz Carlton. The main function which was executed by me, as an internal consultant was to manage the people side of change by implementing the mechanisms and tools of structured change management. The core operations for the role is spreading awareness about the change management process, developing strategy and plans and enabling the other doers of the change management. These all are the role which has been played by mean internal consultant for bringing improvements and advancements in the productivity and effectiveness of the organization. Conclusion In the limelight of the above-executed analysis, it has been inferred that the strategic management and business management are the two crucial concepts for any of the business entity which is required to be managed efficiently. The Ritz Carlton is a premium and luxurious brand name in the hospitality sector. Beijing is the region which has been considered in the above-presented report and analysis over the same has been executed. The analysis comprises of the internal and the external environment to win a sustaining position in the competitive environment. Moreover, the report also includes the strategies which affect the business model of the entity. It has been observed that the strategic management and implications of the above-mentioned strategies will offer the business organization with a number of benefits. The adoption of the outlined strategies will discharge the stress and burden of the managers. The theories aids in the development of a sense of discipline which will enab le the management to divert their focus on the future growth of the organization instead of the daily routine operations Moreover the strategies also provide a framework to the various decision-making process and through which the managers will be benefited References Adewuyi, A.O. and Oyejide, T.A., 2012. Determinants of backward linkages of oil and gas industry in the Nigerian economy.Resources Policy,37(4), pp.452-460. Aigboduwa, J.E. and Oisamoje, M.D., 2013. Promoting small and medium enterprises in the Nigerian oil and gas industry.European Scientific Journal, ESJ,9(1). Anomohanran, O., 2012. Determination of greenhouse gas emission resulting from gas flaring activities in Nigeria.Energy Policy,45, pp.666-670. Anthony, R., 2012. Chinas role in the East African oil and gas sector: a new model of engagement. Aron, L., 2013.The political economy of Russian oil and gas. American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research. Ciarreta, A. and Nasirov, S., 2012. Development trends in the Azerbaijan oil and gas sector: Achievements and challenges.Energy Policy,40, pp.282-292. Ghandi, A. and Lin, C.Y.C., 2014. Oil and gas service contracts around the world: a review.Energy Strategy Reviews,3, pp.63-71. Hiatt, S.R., Grandy, J.B. and Lee, B.H., 2015. Organizational responses to public and private politics: An analysis of climate change activists and US oil and gas firms.Organization Science,26(6), pp.1769-1786. Hu, D. and Xu, S., 2013. Opportunity, challenges and policy choices for China on the development of shale gas.Energy Policy,60, pp.21-26. Keil, K., 2014. The Arctic: A new region of conflict? The case of oil and gas.Cooperation and Conflict,49(2), pp.162-190. Killing, P., 2012.Strategies for joint venture success (RLE international business)(Vol. 22). Routledge. Mitchell, J., Marcel, V. and Mitchell, B., 2012.What next for the oil and gas industry?. Chatham House. Ovadia, J.S., 2012. The dual nature of local content in Angola's oil and gas industry: development vs. elite accumulation.Journal of Contemporary African Studies,30(3), pp.395-417. Pinkse, J. and Van den Buuse, D., 2012. The development and commercialization of solar PV technology in the oil industry.Energy Policy,40, pp.11-20. Qz, 2017, China created a new terrorist threat by repressing secessionist favor in its western frontier, Assessed on 23rd October 2017, https://qz.com/993601/china-uyghur-terrorism/. Ritzcarlton, 2017, The history of Ritz Carlton hotel company, Assessed on 23rd October 2017, https://www.ritzcarlton.com/en/about/history.

Analysis of the Differences Between Laws and Ethics

Analysis of the Differences Between Laws and Ethics Ethics refers to a set of rules or guiding principles that inform and govern people’s conduct in various situations and circumstances. For example, different professions have different codes of ethics that determine how they behave and act. Ethics influence behavior and decisions in various ways. In addition, it can be classified into different groups including personal ethics, professional ethics, and universal ethics that govern society.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of the Differences Between Laws and Ethics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, law refers to rules or codes of practice that are created and reinforced by an authority such as a government in order to bring order and cohesion. Law is compelling because failure to adhere to its precepts leads to punishment. Moreover, law is diverse because its implementation includes various forms including constitutions, policies, term s of service, and other forms of legal provisions. Law and ethics have several similarities. First, they influence human conduct and decisions in order to benefit individuals and society. People follow ethics because it represents principles and values that direct society. On the other hand, people follow law because it creates a common ground to unify people and create order among individuals in society. Second, they serve the main aim in society. They improve the moral status of individuals in society. Law enforces certain rules with a punishment threat if broken. Ethics relies on people’s rationality and sensibilities in order to influence people’s behaviors. They are both responsible for maintenance of order and social cohesion. Law and ethics have several differences. Law is compelling while ethics is not. Breaking law results in punishment while acting without regard to ethics does not have punishment. Acting ethically is a personal responsibility while obeying l aw is mandatory for everyone. Again, they influence people’s conduct in different ways. Ethics usually affects people’s behavior with regard to how they treat those who are close to them or those whom they interact with regularly. In contrast, law affects people’s behavior with regard to people whom they rarely interact with. Ethics is defined by the values, customs, or beliefs of a community or society. In contrast, law is defined by universally accepted standards and behaviors. Ethics is immune to societal or communal change while law is not immune to change. Ethics changes only when the morals, perceptions, and values of society change. On the contrary, law can be changed by an act of a governing body or a decision by lawmakers.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Ethics tells people what they ought to do and in what ways. For example, business peop le are expected to serve their customers with honesty and fairness. This concept does not apply to law because it tells people what they are not supposed to do and what they must do. It has prohibitions and mandates. Unlike ethics, it does not tell people what they should do and in what ways. Finally, ethics influences individuals internally while law influences people externally. While law is enforced, ethics is not. In conclusion, law and ethics are similar because they aim to promote order and cohesion in society. In addition, they influence behavior in ways that benefit individuals and society. On the other hand, they are different in several ways. Law is enforced while ethics is not. Law is easily changed while ethics is immune to changes. Changes depend on shifts in people’s moral values and cultures. Finally, law is binding because it tells people what they cannot do and what they must do. Ethics tells people what they ought to do. People are free to either adhere to e thics or not. On the contrary, it is mandatory to follow law.

The extent of oligopoly essays

The extent of oligopoly essays Oligopoly is a market structure dominated by a small number Of large firms, selling either identical or differentiated products, and there are significant barriers to entry into the industry. This is one of four basic market structures. The other three are perfect competition, monopoly, and monopolistic competition. Oligopoly being a general market structure category, dominates the modern economic landscape. About half of the output produced in the worlds economy can be traced to oligopolistic industries. Oligopolistic industries are as diverse as they are widespread. Oligopoly ranges from breakfast cereal to cars, from computers to aircrafts, from television broadcasting to pharmaceuticals, from petroleum to detergent. Because each firm in an oligopolistic industry is relatively large, each has a substantial degree of market control. It's not total control like in a situation of monopoly, but it's significantly greater than that of a monopolistically competitive firm. While monopolistic competition and oligopoly have distinct identifiable characteristics, they really form a continuum on the spectrum of market structures. Any boundary separating oligopoly from monopolistic competition is fuzzy at beast. An industry that's monopolistically competitive in a large city, for example, might be oligopolistic in a smaller town. A key feature of oligopoly is interdependence among firms in an industry. The actions of one firm depend on the actions of another. In both perfect competition and monopolistic competition the actions of one firm have no affect on other firms. Each firm is so small relative to the overall market, that firms are independent. And of course monopoly is the only firm in an industry, so interdependence is not a relevant issue. Oligopolistic interdependence creates a number of interesting economic issues. One is the tendency for competing oligopolistic firms to turn into cooperating oligopolistic firms. Whe...

A STEEPLE analysis of the UK motor car market or the UK supermarket Essay

A STEEPLE analysis of the UK motor car market or the UK supermarket sector - Essay Example In the second part, two examples of human resource management (HRM) in the supermarket sector will be presented, to demonstrate human resource (HR) professionals’ responses to changes in the environmental contexts. Part 1: STEEPLE Analysis of the United Kingdom’s Supermarket Sector STEEPLE is a valuable instrument facilitating the use of appropriate strategy and practices by Human Resource professionals and senior managers, in response to the changing external circumstances impacting organisations. Environmental analysis is considered as the key element in strategic analysis for corporate planning. Several of the external variables identified by the STEEPLE analysis, will present opportuniites, while many will pose threats. Hence, it is necessary to â€Å"distil out of the complexity the key environmental impacts for the purposes of strategic choice† (Kew and Stredwick, 2005, p.205). Strategic choice involves the creation and evaluation of strategic options, and the logical or political selection of strategy, to effectively manage the key drivers of external forces, with a focus on the microeconomic environment. STEEPLE Linkages with UK Supermarket Sector Leading supermarket chains Marks & Spencer and Waitrose founded in 1884 and 1904 respectively, are among the highly successful retail businesses, which have changed organisational strategies with shifts in external drivers related to the STEEPLE concept. Similarly, the four biggest chains in the UK: Tesco, ASDA, Sainsbury and Morrison’s also deal with the same external forces as the smaller retail chains across the country. Among the STEEPLE external forces, changes in Sociocultural factors affects United Kingdom’s supermarkets, with changing demographics found in greater ethnic diversity, and increasing percentage of the elderly population (Datamonitor, 2009), as well as greater health consciousness, product awareness, selectivity and austerity among people. Similarly, techn ological advancements in information and communication support the provision of greater reach (Meneely, Burns and Strugnell, 2009; SAS, 2012), and more efficient service. For example, ASDA Supermarket’s online evolution has led to its highly successful ASDA@Home Website (Khosrowpour, 2006). While consumers acquire increasing power through access to information and the availability of greater choices, retailers’ power declines. â€Å"New technology fuels rise in m-commerce by all age groups and empowers voice of the consumer† (SAS, 2012, p.3). Bryan (2004) reiterates that there is increasing competition for gaining customer loyalty among manufacturers, suppliers and retailers. Waitrose has acquired tremendous customer support due to its minimizing the environmental impacts of its business, while maximizing economic outcomes such as â€Å"better prices for suppliers, better value for consumers† (Warrier, 2010, p.31), as well as social effects such as better conditions and wages. According to Farnham (2010), the economic factors that impact UK supermarkets relate mainly to the microeconomic environment including the product market, the competitive structure and nature of competition. Fair-traded products are preferred by the increasingly well-informed clientele. These are â€Å"

Research Log Book Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Log Book - Research Paper Example It is also important to note that every new inventor of phonographs had their own distinguished motives attached to their inventions (Sterne, 2003). Where Berliner wanted to investigate aesthetic possibilities, Edison wanted to use it for educational and social purposes. So, the sound reproduction machines actually transformed into hearing machines that cultural and social values attached to them. From their onwards, there has been a continuous advancement in the given field. The first intended purpose of phonautographs was to produce sound on the paper i.e. create documents of sound’s frequency that can be read by humans instead of machines (Feaster, 2010). Later on, the same principle was used to recreate sounds. Personal analysis of this phenomenon of sound recreation helped in understanding that sound reproduction actually undermines the social process of sound creation. We are surrounded by machines in the form of amplifiers, roofer, hi-fi sonic systems, musical recording s that just reproduce the sounds burnt into optical discs. However, this burning of sound into disc not only put an end to a learning process that was a by-product of sound production on a paper but also fails to illustrate the actual experience of first production of sound. In addition to that, the essence of original sound is already lost too. The sound of music and speech that we hear every day in the compact storage devices is already tempered and edited. Therefore, the user of sound does not have access to the real sound. The only replication of real sound that is available these days is in the form of real-time radio. Although radio itself as a medium does not follow the principles of phonautographs however electronic devices used to play these radio channels do follow simple rules of sound reproduction. Hence, phonautographs do exist in 21st century as well but real sound is not in the reach of many of us. Second Entry: The Printing Press as an Agent of Change. Argument prese nted by Elizabeth Eisenstein illustrated the revolution in printing after the advent of typography. Although her selected time period and regional studies are rather limited and her analysis cannot be applied on general European and Asian literature however it does illustrate the transformation that medieval literature went through after revolution in printing press. More than Eisenstein, McLuhan appears to be a strong advocate of use of technology in preservation and dissemination of literature (Leed, 1982). McLuhan recognizes the importance of technological advancements for literature and believes in modification of typographic culture under the influence of electronic media. Where print helped in brining oral speech to a visual space, use of electronic medium is allowing this visual space to be at readily available for human use irrespective of time and space (Eisenstein, 1979). I personally use kindle for reading books which would have been impossible to carry with me otherwise. Eisenstein believes that most of the literature uses stereotypes and cliches for reproduction of literature and continuous reproduction can have an effect of reinforcement on those who have access to this frequently referenced literature (Odin, 1997). Hence, it can be said that emergence of printing press paved ways for more technological adv

Investigation of Single Chain Sugar-based Glycolipid

Investigation of Single Chain Sugar-based Glycolipid Review on Investigation of Single Chain Sugar-based Glycolipid Self-Assembly in Lyotropic Phase Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy M.Faisal Khyasudeen* KEYWORDS (Word Style â€Å"BG_Keywords†). If you are submitting your paper to a journal that requires keywords, provide significant keywords to aid the reader in literature retrieval. ABSTRACT: Glycolipid in lyotropic phase has been widely study due to its nature similar to those in biological membrane. This uncharged amphiphilic molecules has been used in cosmeceutical industry as an emulsifier and as nano-carrier in pharmaceutical industry. Some of the reason on its application is because of its features such as low toxicity on environment, biodegradable, specific sugar-cell recognition as well as relatively cheap in production. Vesicle formation by the single chain glycolipid allow high efficiencies of drug delivery by the effective encapsulation of the active material until it reached the specific target cells. In this report, fluorescence studies using different probe were discussed to understand the stability and degree of flexibility of the lipid for its self-assembly. Tryptophan (Trp) with its ester derivatives (Trp-C4 and Trp-C8) are examples of probes to study the glycolipid hydrophilic head while pyrene molecules to gain insight of the hydrophobic group . Steady-state fluorescence indicate a reduction in polarity gradient from polar domain to the non-polar domain resulted from sugar head group and hydrocarbon tail respectively. While fluorescence lifetime measurement for the probes uncover an extra information such as ability to form two different rotamer or any heterogeneity arises due to flexibility of lipid self-assembly. Specifically, this review will be emphasized on characterization of glycolipid with probes component and how in turn these are related to the nature of self-assembly for the glycolipid. INTRODUCTION Amphiphiles are molecules that have a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail. Because of this, amphiphiles when mixed with water is capable of self-assembly into a wide range of different structures with a variety of properties. Shown in Figure 1 are some examples of such structures [1, 2]. They include the lamellar structure, where the amphiphiles self-assemble to give a sheet like structure; the micellar phase where the amphiphiles form a spherical structure with a hydrophilic exterior and a hydrophobic interior; the hexagonal structure where amphiphiles form micellar cylinders that are stacked in a hexagonal lattice; and a whole family of cubic structures, which resembles pipe joints linking cylindrical micellar units. This lyotropic mesomorphism is exhibited by many amphiphiles [3]. The amphiphile systems can transform between these mesophases depending on the relative amphiphiles/water concentrations, salt concentrations, pH, temperature and pressure. Apart from the aesthetics of the various structures, the versatility of some of these amphiphiles structures has also been of great scientific importance and utility. For example, our body is made of 10^13 cells that are constructed from complex membranes self-assembled from amphiphilic phospholipids [4]. Lipids such as monoolein in its cubic phase has been used to crystallize membrane proteins, thus making possible their x-ray diffraction structure determination [5]. Similar lipids have also been used for drug delivery purposes [2]. Another example is the glycolipids [1], which form minor but integral components in the cell membranes of prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and are responsible in maintaining structure integrity in cells. Figure 1. Phase change in the Glycolipid self-assembly by changing the temperature of the system Glycolipids are one of the examples in large family of glycoconjugates in which the sugar head group is bonded to hydrocarbon chain. It is an amphiphilic molecule derived from the carbohydrate headgroup whereas the hydrocarbon tail builds up the hydrophobic part of the molecule. The glycolipids can exhibit liquid crystals properties and have mesophase behaviour. The advantages of using sugar-based non-ionic surfactants compared to the usual surfactants because they are highly biodegradable, environmentally friendly, and less toxic [2,3]. Besides that, they are also much cheaper, and have diverse biological activity. Figure 2. Example of probe used Alkyl glycoside has been used for numerous surfactant application. Microemulsion form by these nonionic surfactant will help in dispersing the water and oil in continuos phase. Direct application such as detergent and cleaner has been use including alkylpolyglucoside (APGs) where it is reported that APGs improves the foam properties of the product according to IPP quality standard. In addition, one development of alkyl glycoside which is still in its infancy is on its application as vesicles for drug delivery carrier as reported by Kiwada and co-workers. It is reported that high entrapment efficiencies of the anticancer drug with prolonged in vitro drug released particularly in spleen and liver were shown using alkyl glycoside as nano-carrier. Furthermore, it reported by Rauzah.H and coworker, the use of similar vesicle to enhance the drug skin penetration using maltosylated and lactosylated alkyl glycoside. Understanding the various factors that contribute to the stability of these different lipid phase structures will be important in further applications of these fascinating objects. One important factor that determines the stability of the various phases in different conditions are the hydrogen bonding networks of the water environment surrounding the amphiphile’s hydrophilic headgroup. In this report, fluorescence studies using steady state and time-resolved measurement were discussed in guiding to correlate the behavior of the probes with the local environment of the glycolipid. Columnar phase of an aqueous formulation of the single chain alkyl glycoside such in the example depict in figure 3 were reviewed due to the ability of it to form in wide range of concentration and temperature (cite the phase diagram). Since lipid membrane usually do not possess any intrinsic fluorescence, it is common to used extrinsic associating probe which strongly sensitive to its surrounding environment. One of the most common membrane probe is tryptophan and pyrene. Trp is used as a local reporter for hydrophilic head and pyrene which is non-polar molecule to probe in hydrophobic region. Figure 3. Example of chemical structure of single chain glycolipid. DISCUSSION One of valuable property of fluorescence probe is in their sensitivity towards different polarity gradient. Fluorophore such as trp shows a shift spectrum in steady state measurement correspond to change in dielectric constant of solvent. Spectrum shift as in Figure 3 reported by (Idayu paper) for both glycolipid, shows that the trp peak maxima shift towards the blue side by decreasing the solvent polarity. This is due to the solvent effect which cause the stabilization of excited state by the higher dielectric constant of solvent molecules. As explained in (prof Lakowicz), normally, fluorophore possess a higher dipole moment in the excited state compared to in the ground state. Thus the solvent dipole can relax to lower the energy of the excited state after the absorption process. The reported unstructured fluorescence is due to the 1La state while the structured fluorescence is reported to be in 1Lb state. The state in 1La is a solvent sensitive state towards the polar nitrogen ato m indole group in tryptophan. (1a) Steady-state and lifetime measurement for hydrophilic head using tryptophan with its derivatives Steady state spectrum of tryptophan and its ester derivative (Trp, Trp-C4, and Trp-C8) together with the lipid embedded were reported by (idayu paper) in n-dodecyl ÃŽ ²-D-maltoside(ÃŽ ²MaltoOC12) and octyl ÃŽ ²-D-glucoside(ÃŽ ²GlcOC8). From the fluorescence spectrum, it is clear that when the tryptophan and its derivative embedded in lipid shows almost a similar pattern as depict in figure 3. The spectra observed shift to the blue side relative to that in buffer. This indication explain the different local environment senses by tryptophan and its derivatives in the lipid system. By comparing the two spectra, tryptophan molecule shows less polar environment as compared to bulk water. This can be seen across the increasing chain length of the tryptophan ester. Due to increasing hydrophobic nature of the tryptophan moiety (trp C-4 and Trp C-8), it is pronounced that the tendency of the tryptophan penetration across the membrane will be also increase. Consequently, indole group in trypto phan will be attracted closer to the amphiphilic head of the glycolipid. Correlation between the fluorescence peak of tryptophan in lipid and in solvent predict the different in water profile across the aqueous nanochannel. The observation complement to the result that are reported by Dongping zhong and coworker, showing confined water in aqueous nanochannel can be divided into three distinct time scale;(1) ~100-150 ps correspond to two layers of well-ordered interfacial water which dynamically is a rigid water molecule. In this region, the solvent network which allow for water molecule to form intermolecular interaction with more than one water molecule were perturbed. This reduced the local polarity senses by the tryptophan ester similar to the peak maximum in 1,4-dioxane which is highly non-polar solvent. (2) 10-15 ps, correspond to quasi-bound water motion. This can be observed similar to the previous case where the tryptophan moiety resembles to those in methanol and ethanol. ( 3) 1 ps and lower, showing the bulklike near the channel centre where the environment shows the highest polarity similar to that in buffer. Basically the (1) and (2) is important in maintaining the global structure stability of the glycolipid and the flexibility to adapt different structure such in phase diagram. On lifetime of Trp in 10-9 magnitude (1 ns or higher), two different lifetime component is usually correspond to the exhibition of different rotamer (rotational isomer) by the Trp moiety. These result point to a degree of flexibility of the lipid self-assembly that allow the Trp side chain to adapt two different rotamer (1b) Steady State and lifetime measurement for hydrophobic tail using pyrene as probe. Investigation of tail region using pyrene as a probe were reported to be sensible in less polar environment due to the non-polar characteristic of the pyrene. The favour of pyrene can be explained by observing the spectrum shift in different dielectric constant of solvent as reported by (idayu) in figure 6. Solvent such as cyclohexane shows a blue shift as compared to that in buffer. The peak between 360nm-450nm indicate formation of monomer by the pyrene while the peak maxima around 465nm is due to the formation of excited dimer (or excimer) (cited Lakowich ngan paper lain) even at a very low concentration (0.05mM of pyrene). In a polar condition, it tend to form dimer because of the hydrophobic nature of pyrene which disliked polar solvent and thus forming a cluster to reduce the surface contact with the molecule of the solvent. The spectrum as shown in figure 7 in (idayu paper) shows a complete absent of dimer in the lipid. Pyrene molecule was said to be dispersed in the tail regi on as monomer and tend to isolate from each other. Additional information from the fluorescence spectrum of pyrene is the (I1/I3) ratio which correspond to the vibronic transition of 0-0 band. The value for the ratio of peak 1 and 3 indicate local polarity of the environment that the pyrene experienced. In principle, high value of (I1/I3) indicate more polar environment. Some examples for the values of (I1/I3) in different solvent and lipid composition were shown in the table 1, Table 1. Value of ratio (I The result of pyrene in lipid shows an intermediate between the value as in buffer and cyclohexane. However, the ratio shows a closer number towards the buffer solution which further indicate the favorable of pyrene to locate near the lipid head group. This was proved by the simulation worked done by (Prof rauzah. Embedding the tryptophan and pyrene together result in reduction of polarity based on the value dropped by 0.02 as compared with only single component of trp-C8 in lipid. The reduction of polarity in presence of trp-C8 is because of the result in increasing hydrophobicity around the pyrene molecule by the C8 chain in tryptophan. Lifetime measurement were conducted for both ÃŽ ²MaltoOC12 and ÃŽ ²GlcOC8 in hexagonal phase and reported in (paper idayu). In both case, pyrene shows two distinct lifetime correspond to short component (0.87 – 0.97ns) and long component (11 – 51 ns) as an indication for the heterogeneity that the pyrene adopt in the system . Furthermo re, lifetime of ÃŽ ²MaltoOC12 which is 51 ns shows a higher isolation (caging effect) of pyrene in tail region as compared to ÃŽ ²GlcOC8 which has decay component of 11 ns. Comparison between the two type of lipid shows the effect of adding Trp-C8 with pyrene in ÃŽ ²MaltoOC12 (27 ns) is more prominent than in ÃŽ ²GlcOC8 (11.3 ns) system. In both cases implied the presence of C8 chain in Trp to cause a reduction in the local viscosity of tail region. However, in table 1, it is further observed that, the value for ÃŽ ²GlcOC8 is actually smaller than ÃŽ ²MaltoOC12. Since the smaller value of this ratio correspond towards more non-polar environment, it leads to a certain assumption that ÃŽ ²GlcOC8 were actually interact more with the pyrene due to shorter alkyl chain compared to ÃŽ ²MaltoOC12 which has more random and wobbling motion in the longer chain.(C8 vs C12). This increased the diffusion of oxygen and hence reduced the lifetime of pyrene CONCLUSION While it is tempting to cover all the other information about the unique nature of glycolipid self-assembly, this review provide a valuable insight on using fluorescence probes to investigate the local environment around two distinct group which is the hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail of glycolipid. By comparing the fluorescence behavior of probes in solvent and in lipid, we will able to correlate those two in order to discover the local polarity in the lipid. While lifetime measurement in fluorescence uncover the hidden information that the steady-state measurement would not be able to obtain such as heterogeneity, flexibility and etc. These properties are crucial for biological processes such as ability of lipid in allowing different size of molecule to accommodate in the lipid. Understanding molecular self-assembly in microscopic scale and its behavior in different structure and phases will allow us to construct and produce efficient product for industrial application such as emulsifier and nano-carrier for drug delivery. ASSOCIATED CONTENT (Word Style â€Å"TE_Supporting_Information†). Supporting Information. A brief statement in nonsentence format listing the contents of material supplied as Supporting Information should be included, ending with â€Å"This material is available free of charge via the Internet at http://pubs.acs.org.† For instructions on what should be included in the Supporting Information as well as how to prepare this material for publication, refer to the journal’s Instructions for Authors. AUTHOR INFORMATION Corresponding Author * (Word Style â€Å"FA_Corresponding_Author_Footnote†). Give contact information for the author(s) to whom correspondence should be addressed. Present Addresses † If an author’s address is different than the one given in the affiliation line, this information may be included here. Author Contributions The manuscript was written through contributions of all authors. / All authors have given approval to the final version of the manuscript. / †¡These authors contributed equally. (match statement to author names with a symbol) . ABBREVIATIONS CCR2, CC chemokine receptor 2; CCL2, CC chemokine ligand 2; CCR5, CC chemokine receptor 5; TLC, thin layer chromatography. REFERENCES

Educating ESME Comprehensive Reflection

Every teacher’s worst nightmare – that is the setting to which Madame (whatever you do don’t call her Mrs. ) Esme Raji Codell stepped into as her first job fresh out of college. In this sink or swim world Esme, unknowingly, became a lifeguard to thirty youngsters, as she seemed the only one who could protect the children from the rough waters that are inner city Chicago. Through studying her very candid and personal diary, I am awe stricken by her extraordinary display of pedagogy as she exemplifies what it truly means to be a teacher.Esme’s proficiency in her dealings with situations surrounding equity, creating a safe, relaxed and positive classroom environment, expectations as a teacher, gender, diversity learning, multicultural competence and accommodation are, at times, straight out of a teacher’s workshop. Some might argue with her protocol, as she is both sharp-tongued and downright stubborn, but none can call to question her motive or incapa city for complacency.As every teacher goes into the workplace, first year, or twenty-fifth, and despite any subconscious fear you might possess of the hideous class you might be challenged to educate, there is always a certain comfort in knowing that, regardless the case, you have the support of your administration to uphold most any rational expectation you place on your students. As the school year drew near, I’m sure this was the case even for Madame Esme, as she seemed eager to start her first year of teaching. She set her expectations high in all aspects and from day one seemed determined to see her students achieve accordingly.She maintained her ideals throughout the year, though, it becomes more evident that her superiors might not share such idealistic values. No case more true than is seen on May 4th. After trying to reach a male student, B. B. , who seems to be having behavioral problems related to his home life, Esme finds herself separating her student from a â₠¬Å"big pounding fight on the playground† (Codell, 1999). In the aftermath which followed, Esme receives a tongue lashing from B. B. in which he directly calls her a bitch. Outraged, Codell storms into the office of her incompetent principal, Mr.Turner, and continues to share with him her disgust of the issue. Full of remarks which any rational person would have left to thought, she gladly gave to Mr. Turner in words. Summoned up, her venting stood strongly on the fact that she didn’t get paid to be called names of that sort, and she both didn’t have to, and wouldn’t tolerate such. Reasonable†¦ justified†¦ maybe, maybe not? All the same, nothing in my (and hopefully anyone else’s) study of education could have prepared me, or apparently her, for his unprecedentedly repulsive response. â€Å"You don’t understand.They’re black†¦ It’s just the way black people are. The black child is different. They deal with so much . Drugs, gangs†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Codell, 1999). How can one articulate the hopelessness of such a situation? I am deeply saddened at the thought that this is based on the account of a real conversation, which took place at a real school, concerning the expectations of real kids. Profound knowledge directly linked to the situation can be found in the Pygmalion Study (Rosenthal, 1992) where student achievement was found to be directly proportional to the expectations placed on them by teachers and administrators.Knowing that this was the standard set for students school wide, one may only speculate at the vast number of children who fell victim to such complacency and negativity. As I am only able to imagine how detrimental it must have been to Esme’s moral in that moment to hear such foulness reign down from your superior, I commend her in the highest fashion for the manner in which she handled herself before him. I only hope that I have the courage to stand so boldly should I fi nd myself under such circumstances. The months of April and May seem to be full of touching moments in Madame Esme’s first year.I found myself rather moved in taking stance from an omnipresent perspective. On tax day, Codell finds herself frustrated with Latoya, a young black girl in her class, seeing as it was the fourth consecutive day she had been a half hour late (Codell, 1999). Bound by her own pledge to professionalism in educating the kids she is so blessed to have, Madame shows sign that she might possess human qualities, after all, when she admits that she was inclined to yell at Latoya as she was becoming frustrated on having to repeat herself, consecutively.However, Esme is able to withhold her wit and refrains from doing so as she has vowed to talk and listen privately, as of late. Upon speaking with the student alone in the hall, Latoya calmly informs her that â€Å"they are in the shelter this week and [she] must drop her little sister off and take the train ov er†¦ it takes longer than [expected]† (Codell, 1999). Stepping back a moment to gain perspective, these are fifth graders. The same one where you look forward to daily recess freshly removed from the ideas that the opposite sex have ‘coodies’ and light up sneakers are cool.Remember? Oh, yeah! And you walk your sister to drop her off in the mornings before school and then jump on the inner-city Chicago train to get to school, yourself. As a teacher, you’re taught that your students will live very different lives and of the necessity to make accommodations accordingly. Students’ backgrounds cover a vast spectrum, and in order to achieve equity in your classroom, you must accommodate these students and cater to their specific needs so that, they too, have an opportunity to be successful.Latoya’s story, in particular, strikes me a little too close for comfort. In fact, it is unsettling to know that these situations are not the exception in su ch areas, but can be found, all too, commonly when the teacher takes a closer look. Is it because, like many, my childhood was so very contrasting to what you find, time and again, throughout the diary? I was pleased with the mild temperament in which Esme handled the situation. She made it clear that Latoya had done a good thing and that she appreciated it, followed by a means of accounting for any work that she might have missed.I find it especially significant that she reflected clearly reflected on the matter, and how close she had come to scolding the student who in all actuality, deserved praise. â€Å"I still burned with shame at the thought of what I almost said and at all the occasions I have spoken harshly† (Codell, 1999). These are words which should be heard as an echo in the minds of every teacher following his or her sharp tongue. As a boy, myself, I will attest based on my personal account that boys are in crisis.Though, I was clearly not in a state of mind to fathom it at the time, I (and most other boys alike) struggled with the restraints of public school. Sitting in a desk for an hour or so at a time with, but, five minutes to use up all of my energy in the hallways before my next bound session was rough to say the least. It is trying on a boy’s soul. Comprehending what the teacher is scribing on the board is the least of your worries, so paper folded in some fashion or another becomes a common means of passing time. Other days, it’s the kid sitting next to you.Meanwhile, you, likely those around you, are missing out on the entire point of being there – education. Esme seemed to have mastery understanding of this early on whether she fully knew the science behind it, or not. Though, she makes just a small note, a few words says it all. In what appeared to be Esme, merely, jotting down a few random observations for her diaries’ sake she hit on something rather insightful. â€Å"June 4th†¦ Kyle performs better in math if I let him stand on his head whenever he wants. † (Codell, 1999). Now what does this mean?The fact of the matter is, when you let boys get their raw physical energy out they are significantly more receptive to the idea of sitting at a desk and learning, as well as more proficient in doing so (Slocumb, 2004). Girls learning styles and general behavior are more in tune with the establishment of the public school system, when compared to boys. These are gender specific issues that you must be aware of in the classroom. As anyone who has ever been through grade school knows, being different can create a problem for you among peers, and a grand one at that.Whether that difference be the way you dress, your intelligence, speech patterns, race, ethnicity, customs, physical trait, the way you act or any of the other items which fall into such an infinite classification, that difference is enough to land you on the wrong end of someone’s jokes. While, we have l earned that regardless of their likeness, there are as many differences within groups of people as can be found between one another. Thus, there are no real grounds to single anyone out under the premise that they are different.However, this is a concept far, too, fetched for fifth graders†¦ usually. Early on in the year, September 27th, Madame Esme read the story The Hundred Dresses by Eleanor Estes to her class. The plot of the tale is about a little girl who claims to have one hundred dresses, despite wearing the same one to school every day. After being teased, endlessly, the poor girl moves away. Then her peers come to find that she truly does own a beautiful hundred dresses like she had said†¦ one hundred drawings of dresses.The story is significant because following its closure, Ashworth, a boy in class stood up and whispered to Madame that he had something to share with the class. Esme speaks aloud to the class to give him their attention, as expected; then, she ad ds â€Å"I hope you will keep in mind The Hundred Dresses when he tells you. † Stuttering, Ashworth gets out â€Å"I†¦ I only have nine and a half fingers. Please don’t tease me about it. † (Codell, 1999). In her journal, Codell is quoted in describing the moment as macabre (Codell, 1999).After the silence which she captures eloquently, students speak out to defend him one after another with claims that they’ll kick anyone’s ass who says something. If you’ve ever witnessed someone publicly disclosing something truly personal about themselves such as this before, then perhaps you can grasp what a spectacular moment this must have been. As a teacher, you know this is a victory. This is one of those extraordinary moments that pay back to the nth degree, but can’t be found via pay stub on Friday. As a teacher, there’s not much that you can do here. This is, in a way, above you.You don’t create these moments, they happen . You do, however, create a safe, positive, comfortable environment where the students can relax and learn. Madame monitored the situation as best she could in the moment, but the true credit here, she began earning the first day when the students walked in. She earns it daily with her greeting, â€Å"Trouble Basket†, and word exercises as the students enter her classroom. Further, she is helping to break down the walls between individuals and helping them to come forth with their problems, all via her classroom environment.While we have gathered that we are all so, very, different in our many personal traits and attributes, gender, and even the background that we come from, the same holds true for our learning styles in the classroom. If there is any single thing which Madame Esme might have gotten most right, it must be her diversity in teaching styles. This is so intrinsically related to many principles of teaching associated with differences. Students learn in different w ays just as they do all others things differently and to varying degrees from one another.Esme has been deemed crazy over the course of the year for her outrageous methods including the way she dresses, herself, at times. In a list from June ninth, â€Å"†¦ we made light-up quiz games†¦ put on shadow puppet shows†¦ built an accurate castle†¦ had a bubble festival†¦ made sushi†¦ made video commercials†¦ had a book character masquerade party†¦ went to an outdoor Beethoven concert†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Codell, 1999). The previous is even an incomplete list of the interesting lessons she remembers doing. It doesn’t include any of the larger activities which she discussed in depth, over the course of her diary.The point is that the more diverse your teaching techniques, the more effective you are as a teacher. This is evident in the beginning of the same journal entry in which Esme notes that the results from her kids Iowa reading and math scores were the best in the school and virtually every student jumped at least one year in their performance from previous tests (Codell, 1999). What else do you say to this? Cliche as it may seem, â€Å"talk is cheap. † These results explain it all, as they are a testament to the effectiveness of diversity teaching and learning methods.In evaluating Madame Esme Raji Codell, one must understand that any findings would be incomplete so long as they didn’t include accreditation for her work regarding multicultural competence. In this country, we have had a real problem accommodating cultures other than our own. Oh, how quickly we forget that our nation was started by a diverse group whom had all made the voyage to the new land from their parent countries, alike. Over the last few hundred years, America developed foul sense of self pride which demanded others become like us. When in all actuality, it would be impossible to concretely define what we are.Thus, the justly concept o f multicultural pluralism and multicultural competence have since been born. Esme, the poster child for such innovative practices, exemplifies everything which the terms stand for. Madame wore a sari, a type of scarf, given as a gift to her by a student from another country (one of three) without much more thought than to show her gratitude, it seemed (Codell, 1999). The next day, she had four girls waiting on her, all dressed in customary fashion from the native land, seemingly inspired by the window of opportunity Codell had given them the day prior.In another instance, she allowed her female student to perform a cultural dance, which the student began without asking during class. Such was allowed. It was merely the girl looking to express herself and in the process everyone else enjoyed it. When studying the Mexican-American War Madame brought in a native Hispanic man to lecture on Mexico’s perspective of the war. This is multicultural competence. I commend her for, in the midst of her diversity teaching and learning styles, she includes these fine principles, which in turn, encourages cultural pluralism and combats assimilation of culturally diverse students.They are more fluently understood for their practices and, consequently, increasingly accepted among fellow students. In studying this diary†¦ this epic monologue†¦ this compilation of pedagogy†¦ I wonder now, What do you conclude from this? What is the one thing that you can take with you from this? It’s an answer so vast that it cannot be defined in this, mere, manuscript. What is my conclusion you ask? My conclusion is this: what more might I add that Madame Esme Raji Codell has not already taught us? In my eyes, she is the model for twenty-first century teachers in America. She is motivated to educate, not just teach.She is determined to succeed, rather than participate. She strives to make a difference, rather than be a part of the problem. And, may God have mercy on t he incompetent individual who stands in her way. These dispositions compiled with a hunger for knowledge, an inclination to reflect, a conscience to admit when wrong, and a sense of humor to laugh about it at the end of the day are the ingredients for success in the teaching profession. Such are the characteristics of a fine fifth grade teacher by the name of Madame Esme and such are the very reasons why her name will not be forgotten.